Since the initial concept of p53 as a sensor of DNA-damage, the picture of
the role of p53 has widened to include the sensing of much more diverse for
ms of stress, including hypoxia and constitutive activation of growth-promo
ting cascades. The pathways by which these processes regulate p53 are parti
ally overlapping, but imply different patterns of post-translational modifi
cations. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on post-translation
al modifications of p53, and we discuss how hypoxia and oncogene activation
stresses may induce p53 independently of DNA damage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Sci
ence Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.