Development of a novel system for generation of gradients in flow injection
analysis by pulse modulation is described. These user-selectable gradients
are created by computercontrolled mixing of two solutions with a total vol
ume as low as 75 muI and can be delivered under incremental or continuous f
low conditions. Applications such as automated, single-standard instrument
calibration are expected to benefit from high-precision linear gradients (r
(2) = 0.99989, n = 55). Gradient methods in biochemisty and immunology such
as kinetic measurement of biomolecular interactions will benefit from the
small volume of these gradients, especially for analytes with limited avail
ability.