J. Hirayama et al., Comparison of the effects of different antiviral treatments on the antioxidant systems of stroma-free hemoglobin, PHOTOCHEM P, 74(3), 2001, pp. 461-464
The effect of virus inactivation by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) photo
treatment, methylene blue (MB) phototreatment or heat on the activities of
antioxidant systems of stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) was studied. DMMB photo
inactivated human immunodeficiency virus by >3.69 log(10) under conditions
that inactivated 3.33 log(10), of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Under c
onditions which inactivated VSV by 6.10 log(10) (1.37 J/cm(2) irradiation a
nd 2 muM DMMB), there was little change in the methemoglobin (Met-Hb) forma
tion, concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), or superoxide dismutase (
SOD), catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. However, t
he activity of glutathione reductase (GR) was decreased by 77%. Under condi
tions that inactivated VSV by 5.69 log(10) (1.37 J/cm(2) irradiation and 24
KM MB) there was little effect of MB phototreatment on SOD, CAT, GPX and G
SH activities. However, GR activity was decreased by 74% and Met-Hb content
reached 3.98%. Under conditions that inactivated VSV by more than 6.20 log
(10) (60 degreesC for 2 min), virucidal heat treatment resulted in 27% Met-
Hb formation and decreased GPX activity by 43%. No significant decline in S
OD, CAT or GR activities or GSH concentration was observed. These results s
uggest that, compared with heat treatment and MB phototreatment, virucidal
DMMB treatment preserves not only the oxidative state of hemoglobin but als
o the antioxidant systems against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, althoug
h the reduced GR activity may limit the quenching capacity of antioxidants
in DMMB-treated SFH.