An extract of the fruits of Rhamnus nepalensis collected in Hoa Binh Provin
ce, Vietnam, was cytotoxic to KB cells. A bioassay-guided fractionation led
to the isolation of a series of known anthraquinones and anthrones, one ne
w rhamnosylanthraquinone, 3'-O-acetylfrangulin A (8), several new rhamnosyl
anthrones, the prinoidin-emodin bianthrones (9A-D), the prinoidin bianthron
es (10A,B), and the rhamnepalins (11A-C). A structure-cytotoxic activity re
lationship study was performed on these isolates and some semisynthetic der
ivatives.