Effect of nematode and fungal treatments on nontarget turfgrass-inhabitingarthropod and nematode populations

Wang, Y Crocker, RL Wilson, LT Smart, G Wei, X Nailon, WT Cobb, PP

Y. Wang et al., Effect of nematode and fungal treatments on nontarget turfgrass-inhabitingarthropod and nematode populations, ENV ENTOMOL, 30(2), 2001, pp. 196-203

18

INGLESE

Article

Entomology/Pest Control

ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY

0046-225X → ACNP

30

2

2001

196 - 203

ISI

0046-225X(200104)30:2<196:EONAFT>2.0.ZU;2-H

Arthropod and nematode population densities in 'Tifway' bermudagrass were s tudied in field plots to determine the impact of long-term treatments with an organophosphate insecticide (chlorpyrifos), entomopathogenic nematodes [ Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Heterorhabditidae), Steinernema carpo capsae (Weiser). S, riobravis (Cabanilas, Poinar & Raulston) (Steinernemati dae)], and an entomopathogenic fungus [Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillem in (Deuteromycotina: Hypomycetes)] applied alone and in combinations. Fifty -five arthropod families or suborders were recorded during a 2-yr period. S taphylinidae, Sminthuridae. Isotomidae, and Oribatida were the four most ab undant species groups, accounting for 97.0% of the arthropods collected. Th ree orders of nematodes and a miscellaneous nematode category also were enc ountered, Tylenchida was the most abundant nematode species group, accounti ng for 77.2% of the nematodes collected. Populations of Lycosidae and Staph ylinidae were nut significantly different from the control in any treatment , However, chlorpyrifos reduced Lycosidae counts in comparison to H. bacter iophora, S. carpocapsae, and H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana. Chlorpyrifos a lso lowered Staphylinidae counts in comparison to B, bassiana, S, carpocaps ae, and S. riobravis, Miscellaneous Araneae, Formicidae, and Scelionidae we re less abundant in the chlorpyrifos treated plots than they a-ere in any o thers. By contrast, Sminthuridae densities were highest in the chlorpyrifos plots and were unaffected by any other treatment. In general, chlorpyrifos diminished the abundances of each of the following categories of arthropod s compared with all other treatments: plant-inhabiting predators + parasito ids. soil herbivores, thatch detritivores, and soil predators, By compariso n, soil detritivores were as common in the chlorpyrifos treatment as they w ere in the B. bassiana, S, carpocapsae, H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana, and S, riobravis + B. bassiana treatments and were more abundant there than in the H. bacteriophora, S, riobravis, S carpocapsae + B. bassiana, and untre ated control treatments. In general, fungus + nematode treatments showed no evidence of synergism and chlorpyrifos had a stronger negative impact on n ontarget arthropod densities than did the microbial treatments.