A magnetization vector M imaging using a transmission x-ray microscope with
magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) contrast is demonstrated. MCD images thr
ough a semitransparent, 33-nm-thick Fe film are measured at the Fe L-3 edge
along three different x-ray propagation directions to determine all three
components of the M. The transmission images clearly display the vector nat
ure of complex microstructures, associated with the M reversal between oppo
sitely oriented 180 degrees domains, including not only 90 degrees domains,
a Neel wall-like structure, and an extended ripple structure, but also a s
triking feature of localized magnetization spirals with perpendicular compo
nents at their cores. These studies have important implications for applica
tions of this technique to better understand the expected features as well
as details of domain-wall structures. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physic
s.