Detecting change: A comparison of three neuropsychological methods, using normal and clinical samples

Citation
Rk. Heaton et al., Detecting change: A comparison of three neuropsychological methods, using normal and clinical samples, ARCH CLIN N, 16(1), 2001, pp. 75-91
Citations number
20
Language
INGLESE
art.tipo
Article
Categorie Soggetti
Psycology
Journal title
ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
ISSN journal
0887-6177 → ACNP
Volume
16
Issue
1
Year of publication
2001
Pages
75 - 91
Database
ISI
SICI code
0887-6177(200101)16:1<75:DCACOT>2.0.ZU;2-L
Abstract
Detecting change in individual patients is an important goal of neuropsycho logical testing. However, limited information is available about test-retes t changes, and well-validated prediction methods are lacking. Using a large nonclinical subject group (N=384), we recently investigated test-retest re liabilities and practice effects on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale a nd Halstead-Reitan Battery. Data from this group also were used to develop models for predicting follow-up test scores and establish confidence interv als around them. In this article we review those findings, examine their ge neralizability to new nonclinical and clinical groups, and explore the sens itivity of the prediction models to real change. Despite similarities acros s samples in reliability coefficients and practice effects, limits to the g eneralizability of prediction methods were found. Also, when multiple test measures were considered together, one or more "significant" changes were c ommon in all (including stable) subject groups. By employing normative cut- offs that correct for this, sensitivity of the models to neurological recov ery and deterioration was modest to good. More complex regression models we re not more accurate than the simpler Reliable Change Index with correction for practice effects when confidence intervals for all methods were adjust ed for variations in level of baseline test performance. (C) 2000 National Academy of Neuropsychology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.