In this paper a general numerical approach is proposed for the identif
ication of loads acting on tunnel linings made by shotcrete, as a temp
orary lining, and concrete as a permanent one so as to form a system o
f monitoring and dimensioning these linings. This method requires a se
t of in situ displacement measurements of shotcrete layer for back cal
culation, and the constitutive relationship of the structural material
s which are shotcrete, and concrete here is assumed to be linear elast
ic. The advantage of this method is that it avoids those complicated c
haracteristics of rock masses and the loads from back calculation can
reflect the combinative effects of rock surrounding the tunnel. An exa
mple was demonstrated for this method.